{"id":50,"date":"2014-12-12T17:23:45","date_gmt":"2014-12-12T15:23:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/?p=50"},"modified":"2014-12-12T17:23:45","modified_gmt":"2014-12-12T15:23:45","slug":"cum-a-fost-scrisa-prima-copie-a-torei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/2014\/12\/12\/cum-a-fost-scrisa-prima-copie-a-torei\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum a fost scris\u00c4\u0192 prima copie a Torei?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:left\" class=\"yasr-auto-insert-visitor\"><\/div><p>Nachmanide (1195 &ndash; 1270), &Atilde;&reg;n introducere la comentariul s&Auml;&fnof;u despre <strong>Biblie<\/strong>, explic&Auml;&fnof; cum a fost transcris&Auml;&fnof; prima copie a Torei. Conform tradi&Egrave;&rsaquo;iei, Dumnezeu i-a ar&Auml;&fnof;tat lui Moise <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Tora&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;vezi: Torah.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/glossary\/tora\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Tora<\/a>, scris&Auml;&fnof; &acirc;&euro;&#382;&Atilde;&reg;n foc, negru pe alb&acirc;&euro;&#157;, ca un &Egrave;&trade;ir de litere f&Auml;&fnof;r&Auml;&fnof; spa&Egrave;&rsaquo;ii &Atilde;&reg;ntre ele. Moise a copiat ceea ce a v&Auml;&fnof;zut &Egrave;&trade;i a fost &Atilde;&reg;nv&Auml;&fnof;&Egrave;&rsaquo;at de Dumnezeu cum s&Auml;&fnof; citeasc&Auml;&fnof; cuvintele, versetele &Egrave;&trade;i paragrafele. &Atilde;&#381;nainte de a muri, Moise a f&Auml;&fnof;cut 12 copii dup&Auml;&fnof; <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Tora&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;vezi: Torah.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/glossary\/tora\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Tora<\/a> original&Auml;&fnof;, c&Atilde;&cent;te o copie pentru fiecare semin&Egrave;&rsaquo;ie.<br>\nMaimonide (1135 &ndash; 1204) credea cu t&Auml;&fnof;rie c&Auml;&fnof; <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Tora&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;vezi: Torah.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/glossary\/tora\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Tora<\/a> din vremea lui era aceea&Egrave;&trade;i cu cea l&Auml;&fnof;sat&Auml;&fnof; de Moise.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Transcrierea &Egrave;&trade;i copierea textului Torei<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dup&Auml;&fnof; at&Atilde;&cent;tea milenii de la scrierea textelor biblice, mul&Egrave;&rsaquo;i se vor &Atilde;&reg;ntreba dac&Auml;&fnof; textul Scripturii de ast&Auml;&fnof;zi mai este identic cu cel original. Depinde ce &Atilde;&reg;n&Egrave;&rsaquo;elegem prin identic. Opinia criticilor ra&Egrave;&rsaquo;ionali&Egrave;&trade;ti &Egrave;&trade;i a multor teologi este aceea c&Auml;&fnof; exist&Auml;&fnof; mari diferen&Egrave;&rsaquo;e &Atilde;&reg;ntre textele autografe &Egrave;&trade;i textul cuprins &Atilde;&reg;n edi&Egrave;&rsaquo;iile prezente ale <strong>Bibliei<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Este trist c&Auml;&fnof; teologii ortodoc&Egrave;&trade;i au r&Auml;&fnof;mas &Atilde;&reg;n urm&Auml;&fnof; cu decenii, reedit&Atilde;&cent;nd manuale vechi de studiu biblic f&Auml;&fnof;r&Auml;&fnof; s&Auml;&fnof; &Egrave;&rsaquo;in&Auml;&fnof; cont de cercet&Auml;&fnof;rile mai noi care arat&Auml;&fnof; c&Auml;&fnof; diferen&Egrave;&rsaquo;ele dintre textele cele mai vechi &Egrave;&trade;i textul de ast&Auml;&fnof;zi sunt minore.<\/p>\n<p>Textul biblic a fost copiat &Atilde;&reg;n decursul timpului de sute de ori &Egrave;&trade;i, cu toate acestea, &Atilde;&reg;ntre textul ebraic tradi&Egrave;&rsaquo;ional (Koren) al Torei folosit de evreii din toat&Auml;&fnof; lumea &Egrave;&trade;i textul din <em><a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Biblia&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Este singura carte care ni s-a p&Auml;&fnof;strat &Atilde;&reg;n mii de copii vechi de peste 1000 de ani. Nici o alt&Auml;&fnof; lucrare antic&Auml;&fnof; nu ni s-a p&Auml;&fnof;strat &Atilde;&reg;n a&Egrave;&trade;a de multe exemplare. Ea con&Egrave;&rsaquo;ine&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt; 66&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; de c&Auml;&fnof;r&Egrave;&rsaquo;i &Egrave;&trade;i a fost a&Egrave;&trade;ternut&Auml;&fnof; &Atilde;&reg;n scris de peste &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;40&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; de persoane, &Atilde;&reg;n trei limbi (ebraic&Auml;&fnof;, aramaic&Auml;&fnof; &Egrave;&trade;i greac&Auml;&fnof;), &Atilde;&reg;n decurs de &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;1600&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; de ani. Cu toate acestea mesajul ei este c&Atilde;&cent;t se poate de unitar.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/glossary\/biblia\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]'  tabindex='0' role='link'>Biblia<\/a> Hebraica Stuttgartensis<\/em>, folosit de speciali&Egrave;&trade;tii &Atilde;&reg;n ebraic&Auml;&fnof; ce nu sunt evrei, exist&Auml;&fnof; doar 130 de diferen&Egrave;&rsaquo;e minore, la nivel de liter&Auml;&fnof;.<\/p>\n<p>Taina nu const&Auml;&fnof; &Atilde;&reg;n metoda care &Atilde;&reg;nlesne&Egrave;&trade;te o astfel de precizie, ci &Atilde;&reg;n motivele acestei precizii deosebite. P&Atilde;&cent;n&Auml;&fnof; &Atilde;&reg;n ziua de ast&Auml;&fnof;zi, orice manuscris al Torei ce se afl&Auml;&fnof; &Atilde;&reg;n sinagogile din toat&Auml;&fnof; lumea este copiat numai de m&Atilde;&cent;n&Auml;&fnof;, dup&Auml;&fnof; alte manuscrise copiate la fel, scrise dup&Auml;&fnof; reguli neschimbate, de scribi care trec printr-un curs de preg&Auml;&fnof;tire special.<\/p>\n<p>Despre regulile respectate la copierea Torei vom vorbi &Atilde;&reg;n articolul urm&Auml;&fnof;tor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nachmanide (1195 &ndash; 1270), &Atilde;&reg;n introducere la comentariul s&Auml;&fnof;u despre Biblie, explic&Auml;&fnof; cum a fost transcris&Auml;&fnof; prima copie a Torei. Conform tradi&Egrave;&rsaquo;iei, Dumnezeu i-a ar&Auml;&fnof;tat lui Moise <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Tora&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;vezi: Torah.&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/glossary\/tora\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Tora<\/a>, scris&Auml;&fnof; &acirc;&euro;&#382;&Atilde;&reg;n foc, negru pe alb&acirc;&euro;&#157;, ca un &Egrave;&trade;ir de litere f&Auml;&fnof;r&Auml;&fnof; &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/2014\/12\/12\/cum-a-fost-scrisa-prima-copie-a-torei\/\">Continu&#259; s&#259; cite&#537;ti <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"yasr_overall_rating":0,"yasr_post_is_review":"","yasr_auto_insert_disabled":"","yasr_review_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[10,17,14,16,91,93],"class_list":["post-50","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articole","category-tora","tag-biblia","tag-maimonide","tag-manuscrise","tag-nachmanide","tag-tora","tag-vechiul-testament"],"yasr_visitor_votes":{"stars_attributes":{"read_only":false,"span_bottom":false},"number_of_votes":0,"sum_votes":0},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51,"href":"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50\/revisions\/51"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codulbibliei.editura-fotini.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}